\makeatletter \voffset=-.20in \hoffset=0.00in \oddsidemargin 0.54in \evensidemargin 0.54in \marginparwidth 40pt \marginparsep 10pt \topmargin 0pt \headsep .30in \footskip 44pt \newlength{\tw} \setlength{\tw}{6in} \newlength{\th} \setlength{\th}{8.3in plus 0.50in} \newlength{\li} \setlength{\li}{12pt} \newlength{\si} \setlength{\si}{.4in} \setlength{\parindent}{\si} \textheight \th \textwidth \tw \brokenpenalty=10000 \setlength{\parindent}{\si} \newcommand{\singlespace}{\baselineskip 1.0\li} \newcommand{\doublespace}{\baselineskip 2.0\li} \newcommand{\setsty}{ \setlength{\parindent}{\si} \setlength{\parsep}{0pt} \setlength{\topsep}{0pt} \setlength{\parskip}{0pt} \setlength{\partopsep}{0pt} \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt} \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{0pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{0pt} \setlength{\abovedisplayshortskip}{0pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayshortskip}{0pt} \setcounter{topnumber}{3} \setcounter{bottomnumber}{2} \setlength{\floatsep}{3\li} \setlength{\textfloatsep}{3\li} \setlength{\intextsep}{2\li} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.65} \renewcommand{\topfraction}{1.0} \renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{1.0} \renewcommand{\textfraction}{0} } \def\cl@chapter{\@elt{section}\@elt{footnote}} \def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure} \def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table} \def\theequation{\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{equation}} \newtoks\@stequation \def\subequations{\refstepcounter{equation}% \edef\@savedequation{\the\c@equation}% \@stequation=\expandafter{\theequation}% %only want \theequation \edef\@savedtheequation{\the\@stequation}% %expanded once \edef\oldtheequation{\theequation}% \setcounter{equation}{0}% \def\theequation{\oldtheequation\alph{equation}}}% \def\endsubequations{% \setcounter{equation}{\@savedequation}% \@stequation=\expandafter{\@savedtheequation}% \edef\theequation{\the\@stequation}\global\@ignoretrue} %%%---------------------------- \def\@xfloat#1[#2]{\ifhmode \@bsphack\@floatpenalty -\@Mii\else \@floatpenalty-\@Miii\fi\def\@captype{#1}\ifinner \@parmoderr\@floatpenalty\z@ \else\@next\@currbox\@freelist{\@tempcnta\csname ftype@#1\endcsname \multiply\@tempcnta\@xxxii\advance\@tempcnta\sixt@@n \@tfor \@tempa :=#2\do {\if\@tempa h\advance\@tempcnta \@ne\fi \if\@tempa t\advance\@tempcnta \tw@\fi \if\@tempa b\advance\@tempcnta 4\relax\fi \if\@tempa p\advance\@tempcnta 8\relax\fi }\global\count\@currbox\@tempcnta}\@fltovf\fi \global\setbox\@currbox\vbox\bgroup \def\baselinestretch{1}\@normalsize \boxmaxdepth\z@ \hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore} \newcommand{\Chapter}[1]{\def\thechapter{\Roman{chapter}} \chapter{#1} \thispagestyle{myheadings} \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{0\li}} \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{1\li}}} \renewcommand{\@chapapp}{CHAPTER} \renewcommand{\@makechapterhead}[1] {\null\vskip .45in \begin{center} {\normalsize \bf \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \@chapapp~\thechapter \vskip .6ex \fi \uppercase{#1} \vskip 2\li} \end{center} \def\thechapter{\arabic{chapter}} \setsty} \renewcommand{\@makeschapterhead}[1] {\null\vskip .55in \begin{center} {\normalsize \bf \uppercase{#1 \vskip 3\li}} \end{center} \setsty} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} \renewcommand{\section}{\vspace*{1\li}\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@} {0\li} {1pt} {\center \normalsize \bf}} \renewcommand{\subsection} {\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@} {1\li} {1pt} {\center \normalsize \rm}} \renewcommand{\subsubsection}{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@} {1\li} {1pt} {\center \normalsize \rm}} \renewcommand{\paragraph}{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@} {1\li} {1pt} {\normalsize \em}} \renewcommand{\subparagraph}{\@startsection{subparagraph}{4}{\z@} {1\li} {1pt} {\normalsize \rm}} % \renewcommand{\chapter}{\par \setcounter{figure}{0}} \renewcommand{\appendix}{\par \setcounter{chapter}{0} \setcounter{section}{0} \def\@chapapp{APPENDIX}\def\thechapter{\Alph{chapter}}} \renewcommand{\tableofcontents} {\chapter*{TABLE OF CONTENTS}\@starttoc{toc}} \newcommand{\l@head} {\@dottedtocline{0}{0.0em}{1.5em}} \renewcommand{\l@chapter} {\rule[0pt]{0em}{0pt} \@dottedtocline{0}{2.0em}{1.5em}} \renewcommand{\l@section} {\@dottedtocline{1}{3.5em}{2.3em}} \renewcommand{\l@subsection} {\@dottedtocline{2}{5.8em}{3.2em}} \renewcommand{\l@subsubsection} {\@dottedtocline{3}{9.0em}{4.1em}} \renewcommand{\l@paragraph} {\@dottedtocline{4}{11em}{5em}} \renewcommand{\l@subparagraph} {\@dottedtocline{5}{13em}{6em}} \renewcommand{\ps@myheadings} {\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \def\@oddhead{\hfil \rm\thepage} \def\@oddfoot{} \def\@evenhead{\rm \thepage\hfil} \def\@evenfoot{} \def\sectionmark##1{}\def\subsectionmark##1{}} \def\thebibliography#1{\chapter*{References\markboth {REFERENCES}{REFERENCES}}\list {[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]} \thispagestyle{myheadings} \leftmargin\labelwidth \raggedbottom \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \usecounter{enumi}} \itemsep 7pt \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em} \sfcode`\.=1000\relax} \vskip 1.0em plus 1pt \def\dept#1{\gdef\@dept{#1}} \def\advisor{\gdef\@advisor} \def\submitdate#1{\gdef\@submitdate{#1}} \def\copyrightyear#1{\gdef\@copyrightyear{#1}} \def\@title{} \def\@author{} \def\@dept{} \def\@submitdate{\ifcase\the\month\or January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi \space \number\the\year} \ifnum\month=12 \@tempcnta=\year \advance\@tempcnta by 1 \edef\@copyrightyear{\number\the\@tempcnta} \else \def\@copyrightyear{\number\the\year} \fi \newif\ifabtitlepg \abtitlepgtrue \newif\ifabstractpg \abstractpgtrue \newif\iftitlepg \titlepgtrue \newif\ifsignaturepage \signaturepagetrue \newif\ifcopyright \copyrighttrue \newif\ifdedication \dedicationtrue \newif\ifack \acktrue \newif\iftablecontents \tablecontentstrue \newif\iffigurespage \figurespagetrue \newif\iftablespage \tablespagetrue \def\abtitlepg{% \thispagestyle{empty}% \singlespace \null\vskip1.25in% \begin{center} {\normalsize\uppercase\expandafter{\@title}} \end{center} \vfill \begin{center} \rm by\\ \vskip \li \singlespace \@author \end{center} \vfill \begin{center} {\rm \underline{An Abstract}\\ \vskip \li Of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the\\ requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy\\ degree in {\@dept} in the\\ Graduate College of The\\ University of Iowa} \end{center} \vskip 2\li \begin{center} \rm \@submitdate \end{center} \vskip 2\li \begin{center} \rm Thesis supervisor: \@advisor \end{center} %\vskip.5in } \def\abstractpg{ \newpage \pagenumbering{arabic} \markboth{\thepage}{\thepage} \pagestyle{myheadings} \doublespace \prefacesection{Abstract} \abstracttext % Modified 10/6/95 to put approval section up under the abstract text. \vspace{1.0in} \singlespace % \vskip 10\li \hspace*{1.5in} Abstract approved: \hrulefill \newline\hspace*{3.35in} \raisebox{6.8mm}{Thesis supervisor} \newline\hspace*{3.35in} \hrulefill \newline\hspace*{3.35in} \raisebox{6.8mm}{Title and department } \newline\hspace*{3.35in} \hrulefill \newline\hspace*{3.35in} \raisebox{6.8mm}{Date} \vfill } \def\titlepg{% \newpage \thispagestyle{empty}% \singlespace \null\vskip1.25in% \begin{center} {\normalsize\uppercase\expandafter{\@title}} \end{center} \vfill \begin{center} \rm by\\ \vskip \li \singlespace \@author\\ \end{center} \vfill \begin{center} {\rm \vskip \li A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the\\ requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy\\ degree in {\@dept} in the\\ Graduate College of The\\ University of Iowa} \end{center} \vskip 2\li \begin{center} \rm \@submitdate \\ \end{center} \vskip 2\li \begin{center} \rm Thesis supervisor: \@advisor\\ \end{center} \vskip.5in} \def\copyrightpage{% \newpage \null\vfill \begin{center} {\normalsize Copyright by\\ \vskip 1pt {\normalsize\uppercase\expandafter{\@author}}\\ \vskip 1 pt 1992\\ \vskip 1pt All Rights Reserved} \end{center} \vskip 1.0in \vfill} \def\signaturepage{% \newpage \null% \thispagestyle{empty}% \begin{center} \singlespace \rm Graduate College\\ The University of Iowa\\ Iowa City, Iowa\\ \vfill CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL\\ \vfill \rule{2.4in}{0.4pt} \vfill PH.D. THESIS \vfill \rule{1.1in}{0.4pt} \end{center} \vfill \hspace*{1.535in} This is to certify that the Ph.D. thesis of \vspace*{4ex} \begin{center} \@author \end{center} \vspace*{4ex} \singlespace \hspace*{1.54in} has been approved by the Examining Committee \\ \hspace*{1.54in} for the thesis requirement for the Doctor of \\ \hspace*{1.54in} Philosophy degree in {\@dept} at the {\@submitdate}\\ \hspace*{1.54in} graduation. \vfill \hspace*{1.41in} Thesis committee: \hrulefill \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \raisebox{6.8mm}{Thesis supervisor} \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \hrulefill \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \raisebox{6.8mm}{Member} \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \hrulefill \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \raisebox{6.8mm}{Member} \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \hrulefill \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \raisebox{6.8mm}{Member} \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \hrulefill \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \raisebox{6.8mm}{Member} \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \hrulefill \newline\hspace*{3.2in} \raisebox{6.8mm}{Member} } \def\dedicationpage{ \newpage \pagenumbering{roman} \setcounter{page}{2} \pagestyle{plain} \singlespace \vspace*{\fill} \begin{quote} \begin{quote} \dedication \end{quote} \end{quote} \vspace*{\fill} } \def\ackpage{ \newpage \doublespace \prefacesection{Acknowledgements} \indent \acknowledgement } \def\beforepreface{ %\raggedright \raggedbottom \ifabtitlepg\abtitlepg\fi \ifabstractpg\abstractpg\fi \ifcopyright\copyrightpage\fi \ifsignaturepage\signaturepage\fi \iftitlepg\titlepg\fi \doublespace \ifdedication\dedicationpage\fi \ifack\ackpage\fi } \def\prefacesection#1{% {\setsty \null\vskip .45in \begin{center} {\normalsize \bf \uppercase{#1 \vskip 2\li}} \end{center}} \setsty} \def\afterpreface{\newpage \singlespace %\raggedright \raggedbottom \iftablecontents\tableofcontents\fi \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{-\li}} \addtocontents{toc}{\hfill Page} \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{\li}} \newpage \iftablespage {\addvspace{10pt} \let\saveaddvspace=\addvspace \def\addvspace##1{} \addcontentsline{toc}{head}{LIST OF TABLES} \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{\li}} \addtocontents{lot}{Table \hfill Page} \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\vspace{\li}} \listoftables \let\addvspace=\saveaddvspace} \newpage \fi \iffigurespage {\addvspace{10pt} \let\saveaddvspace=\addvspace \def\addvspace##1{} \addcontentsline{toc}{head}{LIST OF FIGURES} \addtocontents{lof}{Figure \hfill Page} \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\vspace{\li}} \listoffigures \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{\li}} \addtocontents{toc}{\hspace{-32pt} CHAPTER} \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{\li}} \let\addvspace=\saveaddvspace} \newpage \fi \pagenumbering{arabic} \markboth{\thepage}{\thepage} \pagestyle{myheadings} %\raggedright \raggedbottom \doublespace } \makeatother %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % The following flags have their default ``true'' % % \abtitlepg % \abstractpg % \titlepg % \signaturepage % \copyright % \dedication % \ack % \tablecontents % \figurespage % \tablespage % % If you don't want them or you don't have them, set the % related flag to false to avoid it. % For instance, you may use \abtitlepgfalse to eliminate % the page of abstract title. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Psfig/TeX Release 1.8 % dvips version % % All psfig/tex software, documentation, and related files % in this distribution of psfig/tex are % Copyright 1987, 1988, 1991 Trevor J. Darrell % % Permission is granted for use and non-profit distribution of psfig/tex % providing that this notice is clearly maintained. The right to % distribute any portion of psfig/tex for profit or as part of any commercial % product is specifically reserved for the author(s) of that portion. % % *** Feel free to make local modifications of psfig as you wish, % *** but DO NOT post any changed or modified versions of ``psfig'' % *** directly to the net. Send them to me and I'll try to incorporate % *** them into future versions. If you want to take the psfig code % *** and make a new program (subject to the copyright above), distribute it, % *** (and maintain it) that's fine, just don't call it psfig. % % Bugs and improvements to trevor@media.mit.edu. % % Thanks to Greg Hager (GDH) and Ned Batchelder for their contributions % to the original version of this project. % % Modified by J. Daniel Smith on 9 October 1990 to accept the % %%BoundingBox: comment with or without a space after the colon. Stole % file reading code from Tom Rokicki's EPSF.TEX file (see below). % % More modifications by J. Daniel Smith on 29 March 1991 to allow the % the included PostScript figure to be rotated. The amount of % rotation is specified by the "angle=" parameter of the \psfig command. % % Modified by Robert Russell on June 25, 1991 to allow users to specify % .ps filenames which don't yet exist, provided they explicitly provide % boundingbox information via the \psfig command. Note: This will only work % if the "file=" parameter follows all four "bb???=" parameters in the % command. This is due to the order in which psfig interprets these params. % % 3 Jul 1991 JDS check if file already read in once % 4 Sep 1991 JDS fixed incorrect computation of rotated % bounding box % 25 Sep 1991 GVR expanded synopsis of \psfig % 14 Oct 1991 JDS \fbox code from LaTeX so \psdraft works with TeX % changed \typeout to \ps@typeout % 17 Oct 1991 JDS added \psscalefirst and \psrotatefirst % % From: gvr@cs.brown.edu (George V. Reilly) % % \psdraft draws an outline box, but doesn't include the figure % in the DVI file. Useful for previewing. % % \psfull includes the figure in the DVI file (default). % % \psscalefirst width= or height= specifies the size of the figure % before rotation. % \psrotatefirst (default) width= or height= specifies the size of the % figure after rotation. Asymetric figures will % appear to shrink. % % \psfigurepath#1 sets the path to search for the figure % % \psfig % usage: \psfig{file=, figure=, height=, width=, % bbllx=, bblly=, bburx=, bbury=, % rheight=, rwidth=, clip=, angle=, silent=} % % "file" is the filename. If no path name is specified and the % file is not found in the current directory, % it will be looked for in directory \psfigurepath. % "figure" is a synonym for "file". % By default, the width and height of the figure are taken from % the BoundingBox of the figure. % If "width" is specified, the figure is scaled so that it has % the specified width. Its height changes proportionately. % If "height" is specified, the figure is scaled so that it has % the specified height. Its width changes proportionately. % If both "width" and "height" are specified, the figure is scaled % anamorphically. % "bbllx", "bblly", "bburx", and "bbury" control the PostScript % BoundingBox. If these four values are specified % *before* the "file" option, the PSFIG will not try to % open the PostScript file. % "rheight" and "rwidth" are the reserved height and width % of the figure, i.e., how big TeX actually thinks % the figure is. They default to "width" and "height". % The "clip" option ensures that no portion of the figure will % appear outside its BoundingBox. "clip=" is a switch and % takes no value, but the `=' must be present. % The "angle" option specifies the angle of rotation (degrees, ccw). % The "silent" option makes \psfig work silently. % % check to see if macros already loaded in (maybe some other file says % "\input psfig") ... \ifx\undefined\psfig\else\endinput\fi % % from a suggestion by eijkhout@csrd.uiuc.edu to allow % loading as a style file: \edef\psfigRestoreAt{\catcode`@=\number\catcode`@\relax} \catcode`\@=11\relax \newwrite\@unused \def\ps@typeout#1{{\let\protect\string\immediate\write\@unused{#1}}} \ps@typeout{psfig/tex 1.8} %% Here's how you define your figure path. Should be set up with null %% default and a user useable definition. \def\figurepath{./} \def\psfigurepath#1{\edef\figurepath{#1}} % % @psdo control structure -- similar to Latex @for. % I redefined these with different names so that psfig can % be used with TeX as well as LaTeX, and so that it will not % be vunerable to future changes in LaTeX's internal % control structure, % \def\@nnil{\@nil} \def\@empty{} \def\@psdonoop#1\@@#2#3{} \def\@psdo#1:=#2\do#3{\edef\@psdotmp{#2}\ifx\@psdotmp\@empty \else \expandafter\@psdoloop#2,\@nil,\@nil\@@#1{#3}\fi} \def\@psdoloop#1,#2,#3\@@#4#5{\def#4{#1}\ifx #4\@nnil \else #5\def#4{#2}\ifx #4\@nnil \else#5\@ipsdoloop #3\@@#4{#5}\fi\fi} \def\@ipsdoloop#1,#2\@@#3#4{\def#3{#1}\ifx #3\@nnil \let\@nextwhile=\@psdonoop \else #4\relax\let\@nextwhile=\@ipsdoloop\fi\@nextwhile#2\@@#3{#4}} \def\@tpsdo#1:=#2\do#3{\xdef\@psdotmp{#2}\ifx\@psdotmp\@empty \else \@tpsdoloop#2\@nil\@nil\@@#1{#3}\fi} \def\@tpsdoloop#1#2\@@#3#4{\def#3{#1}\ifx #3\@nnil \let\@nextwhile=\@psdonoop \else #4\relax\let\@nextwhile=\@tpsdoloop\fi\@nextwhile#2\@@#3{#4}} % % \fbox is defined in latex.tex; so if \fbox is undefined, assume that % we are not in LaTeX. % Perhaps this could be done better??? \ifx\undefined\fbox % \fbox code from modified slightly from LaTeX \newdimen\fboxrule \newdimen\fboxsep \newdimen\ps@tempdima \newbox\ps@tempboxa \fboxsep = 3pt \fboxrule = .4pt \long\def\fbox#1{\leavevmode\setbox\ps@tempboxa\hbox{#1}\ps@tempdima\fboxrule \advance\ps@tempdima \fboxsep \advance\ps@tempdima \dp\ps@tempboxa \hbox{\lower \ps@tempdima\hbox {\vbox{\hrule height \fboxrule \hbox{\vrule width \fboxrule \hskip\fboxsep \vbox{\vskip\fboxsep \box\ps@tempboxa\vskip\fboxsep}\hskip \fboxsep\vrule width \fboxrule} \hrule height \fboxrule}}}} \fi % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % file reading stuff from epsf.tex % EPSF.TEX macro file: % Written by Tomas Rokicki of Radical Eye Software, 29 Mar 1989. % Revised by Don Knuth, 3 Jan 1990. % Revised by Tomas Rokicki to accept bounding boxes with no % space after the colon, 18 Jul 1990. % Portions modified/removed for use in PSFIG package by % J. Daniel Smith, 9 October 1990. % \newread\ps@stream \newif\ifnot@eof % continue looking for the bounding box? \newif\if@noisy % report what you're making? \newif\if@atend % %%BoundingBox: has (at end) specification \newif\if@psfile % does this look like a PostScript file? % % PostScript files should start with `%!' % {\catcode`\%=12\global\gdef\epsf@start{%!}} \def\epsf@PS{PS} % \def\epsf@getbb#1{% % % The first thing we need to do is to open the % PostScript file, if possible. % \openin\ps@stream=#1 \ifeof\ps@stream\ps@typeout{Error, File #1 not found}\else % % Okay, we got it. Now we'll scan lines until we find one that doesn't % start with %. We're looking for the bounding box comment. % {\not@eoftrue \chardef\other=12 \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials \catcode`\ =10 \loop \if@psfile \read\ps@stream to \epsf@fileline \else{ \obeyspaces \read\ps@stream to \epsf@tmp\global\let\epsf@fileline\epsf@tmp} \fi \ifeof\ps@stream\not@eoffalse\else % % Check the first line for `%!'. Issue a warning message if its not % there, since the file might not be a PostScript file. % \if@psfile\else \expandafter\epsf@test\epsf@fileline:. \\% \fi % % We check to see if the first character is a % sign; % if so, we look further and stop only if the line begins with % `%%BoundingBox:' and the `(atend)' specification was not found. % That is, the only way to stop is when the end of file is reached, % or a `%%BoundingBox: llx lly urx ury' line is found. % \expandafter\epsf@aux\epsf@fileline:. \\% \fi \ifnot@eof\repeat }\closein\ps@stream\fi}% % % This tests if the file we are reading looks like a PostScript file. % \long\def\epsf@test#1#2#3:#4\\{\def\epsf@testit{#1#2} \ifx\epsf@testit\epsf@start\else \ps@typeout{Warning! File does not start with `\epsf@start'. It may not be a PostScript file.} \fi \@psfiletrue} % don't test after 1st line % % We still need to define the tricky \epsf@aux macro. This requires % a couple of magic constants for comparison purposes. % {\catcode`\%=12\global\let\epsf@percent=%\global\def\epsf@bblit{%BoundingBox}} % % % So we're ready to check for `%BoundingBox:' and to grab the % values if they are found. We continue searching if `(at end)' % was found after the `%BoundingBox:'. % \long\def\epsf@aux#1#2:#3\\{\ifx#1\epsf@percent \def\epsf@testit{#2}\ifx\epsf@testit\epsf@bblit \@atendfalse \epsf@atend #3 . \\% \if@atend \if@verbose{ \ps@typeout{psfig: found `(atend)'; continuing search} }\fi \else \epsf@grab #3 . . . \\% \not@eoffalse \global\no@bbfalse \fi \fi\fi}% % % Here we grab the values and stuff them in the appropriate definitions. % \def\epsf@grab #1 #2 #3 #4 #5\\{% \global\def\epsf@llx{#1}\ifx\epsf@llx\empty \epsf@grab #2 #3 #4 #5 .\\\else \global\def\epsf@lly{#2}% \global\def\epsf@urx{#3}\global\def\epsf@ury{#4}\fi}% % % Determine if the stuff following the %%BoundingBox is `(atend)' % J. Daniel Smith. Copied from \epsf@grab above. % \def\epsf@atendlit{(atend)} \def\epsf@atend #1 #2 #3\\{% \def\epsf@tmp{#1}\ifx\epsf@tmp\empty \epsf@atend #2 #3 .\\\else \ifx\epsf@tmp\epsf@atendlit\@atendtrue\fi\fi} % End of file reading stuff from epsf.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % trigonometry stuff from "trig.tex" \chardef\letter = 11 \chardef\other = 12 \newif \ifdebug %%% turn me on to see TeX hard at work ... \newif\ifc@mpute %%% don't need to compute some values \c@mputetrue % but assume that we do \let\then = \relax \def\r@dian{pt } \let\r@dians = \r@dian \let\dimensionless@nit = \r@dian \let\dimensionless@nits = \dimensionless@nit \def\internal@nit{sp } \let\internal@nits = \internal@nit \newif\ifstillc@nverging \def \Mess@ge #1{\ifdebug \then \message {#1} \fi} { %%% Things that need abnormal catcodes %%% \catcode `\@ = \letter \gdef \nodimen {\expandafter \n@dimen \the \dimen} \gdef \term #1 #2 #3% {\edef \t@ {\the #1}%%% freeze parameter 1 (count, by value) \edef \t@@ {\expandafter \n@dimen \the #2\r@dian}% %%% freeze parameter 2 (dimen, by value) \t@rm {\t@} {\t@@} {#3}% } \gdef \t@rm #1 #2 #3% {{% \count 0 = 0 \dimen 0 = 1 \dimensionless@nit \dimen 2 = #2\relax \Mess@ge {Calculating term #1 of \nodimen 2}% \loop \ifnum \count 0 < #1 \then \advance \count 0 by 1 \Mess@ge {Iteration \the \count 0 \space}% \Multiply \dimen 0 by {\dimen 2}% \Mess@ge {After multiplication, term = \nodimen 0}% \Divide \dimen 0 by {\count 0}% \Mess@ge {After division, term = \nodimen 0}% \repeat \Mess@ge {Final value for term #1 of \nodimen 2 \space is \nodimen 0}% \xdef \Term {#3 = \nodimen 0 \r@dians}% \aftergroup \Term }} \catcode `\p = \other \catcode `\t = \other \gdef \n@dimen #1pt{#1} %%% throw away the ``pt'' } \def \Divide #1by #2{\divide #1 by #2} %%% just a synonym \def \Multiply #1by #2%%% allows division of a dimen by a dimen {{%%% should really freeze parameter 2 (dimen, passed by value) \count 0 = #1\relax \count 2 = #2\relax \count 4 = 65536 \Mess@ge {Before scaling, count 0 = \the \count 0 \space and count 2 = \the \count 2}% \ifnum \count 0 > 32767 %%% do our best to avoid overflow \then \divide \count 0 by 4 \divide \count 4 by 4 \else \ifnum \count 0 < -32767 \then \divide \count 0 by 4 \divide \count 4 by 4 \else \fi \fi \ifnum \count 2 > 32767 %%% while retaining reasonable accuracy \then \divide \count 2 by 4 \divide \count 4 by 4 \else \ifnum \count 2 < -32767 \then \divide \count 2 by 4 \divide \count 4 by 4 \else \fi \fi \multiply \count 0 by \count 2 \divide \count 0 by \count 4 \xdef \product {#1 = \the \count 0 \internal@nits}% \aftergroup \product }} \def\r@duce{\ifdim\dimen0 > 90\r@dian \then % sin(x+90) = sin(180-x) \multiply\dimen0 by -1 \advance\dimen0 by 180\r@dian \r@duce \else \ifdim\dimen0 < -90\r@dian \then % sin(-x) = sin(360+x) \advance\dimen0 by 360\r@dian \r@duce \fi \fi} \def\Sine#1% {{% \dimen 0 = #1 \r@dian \r@duce \ifdim\dimen0 = -90\r@dian \then \dimen4 = -1\r@dian \c@mputefalse \fi \ifdim\dimen0 = 90\r@dian \then \dimen4 = 1\r@dian \c@mputefalse \fi \ifdim\dimen0 = 0\r@dian \then \dimen4 = 0\r@dian \c@mputefalse \fi % \ifc@mpute \then % convert degrees to radians \divide\dimen0 by 180 \dimen0=3.141592654\dimen0 % \dimen 2 = 3.1415926535897963\r@dian %%% a well-known constant \divide\dimen 2 by 2 %%% we only deal with -pi/2 : pi/2 \Mess@ge {Sin: calculating Sin of \nodimen 0}% \count 0 = 1 %%% see power-series expansion for sine \dimen 2 = 1 \r@dian %%% ditto \dimen 4 = 0 \r@dian %%% ditto \loop \ifnum \dimen 2 = 0 %%% then we've done \then \stillc@nvergingfalse \else \stillc@nvergingtrue \fi \ifstillc@nverging %%% then calculate next term \then \term {\count 0} {\dimen 0} {\dimen 2}% \advance \count 0 by 2 \count 2 = \count 0 \divide \count 2 by 2 \ifodd \count 2 %%% signs alternate \then \advance \dimen 4 by \dimen 2 \else \advance \dimen 4 by -\dimen 2 \fi \repeat \fi \xdef \sine {\nodimen 4}% }} % Now the Cosine can be calculated easily by calling \Sine \def\Cosine#1{\ifx\sine\UnDefined\edef\Savesine{\relax}\else \edef\Savesine{\sine}\fi {\dimen0=#1\r@dian\advance\dimen0 by 90\r@dian \Sine{\nodimen 0} \xdef\cosine{\sine} \xdef\sine{\Savesine}}} % end of trig stuff %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \def\psdraft{ \def\@psdraft{0} %\ps@typeout{draft level now is \@psdraft \space . } } \def\psfull{ \def\@psdraft{100} %\ps@typeout{draft level now is \@psdraft \space . } } \psfull \newif\if@scalefirst \def\psscalefirst{\@scalefirsttrue} \def\psrotatefirst{\@scalefirstfalse} \psrotatefirst \newif\if@draftbox \def\psnodraftbox{ \@draftboxfalse } \def\psdraftbox{ \@draftboxtrue } \@draftboxtrue \newif\if@prologfile \newif\if@postlogfile \def\pssilent{ \@noisyfalse } \def\psnoisy{ \@noisytrue } \psnoisy %%% These are for the option list. %%% A specification of the form a = b maps to calling \@p@@sa{b} \newif\if@bbllx \newif\if@bblly \newif\if@bburx \newif\if@bbury \newif\if@height \newif\if@width \newif\if@rheight \newif\if@rwidth \newif\if@angle \newif\if@clip \newif\if@verbose \def\@p@@sclip#1{\@cliptrue} \newif\if@decmpr %%% GDH 7/26/87 -- changed so that it first looks in the local directory, %%% then in a specified global directory for the ps file. %%% RPR 6/25/91 -- changed so that it defaults to user-supplied name if %%% boundingbox info is specified, assuming graphic will be created by %%% print time. %%% TJD 10/19/91 -- added bbfile vs. file distinction, and @decmpr flag \def\@p@@sfigure#1{\def\@p@sfile{null}\def\@p@sbbfile{null} \openin1=#1.bb \ifeof1\closein1 \openin1=\figurepath#1.bb \ifeof1\closein1 \openin1=#1 \ifeof1\closein1% \openin1=\figurepath#1 \ifeof1 \typeout{Error, File #1 not found} \if@bbllx\if@bblly \if@bburx\if@bbury \def\@p@sfile{#1}% \def\@p@sbbfile{#1}% \@decmprfalse \fi\fi\fi\fi \else\closein1 \def\@p@sfile{\figurepath#1}% \def\@p@sbbfile{\figurepath#1}% \@decmprfalse \fi% \else\closein1% \def\@p@sfile{#1} \def\@p@sbbfile{#1} \@decmprfalse \fi \else \def\@p@sfile{\figurepath#1} \def\@p@sbbfile{\figurepath#1.bb} \@decmprtrue \fi \else \def\@p@sfile{#1} \def\@p@sbbfile{#1.bb} \@decmprtrue \fi} \def\@p@@sfile#1{\@p@@sfigure{#1}} \def\@p@@sbbllx#1{ %\ps@typeout{bbllx is #1} \@bbllxtrue \dimen100=#1 \edef\@p@sbbllx{\number\dimen100} } \def\@p@@sbblly#1{ %\ps@typeout{bblly is #1} \@bbllytrue \dimen100=#1 \edef\@p@sbblly{\number\dimen100} } \def\@p@@sbburx#1{ %\ps@typeout{bburx is #1} \@bburxtrue \dimen100=#1 \edef\@p@sbburx{\number\dimen100} } \def\@p@@sbbury#1{ %\ps@typeout{bbury is #1} \@bburytrue \dimen100=#1 \edef\@p@sbbury{\number\dimen100} } \def\@p@@sheight#1{ \@heighttrue \dimen100=#1 \edef\@p@sheight{\number\dimen100} %\ps@typeout{Height is \@p@sheight} } \def\@p@@swidth#1{ %\ps@typeout{Width is #1} \@widthtrue \dimen100=#1 \edef\@p@swidth{\number\dimen100} } \def\@p@@srheight#1{ %\ps@typeout{Reserved height is #1} \@rheighttrue \dimen100=#1 \edef\@p@srheight{\number\dimen100} } \def\@p@@srwidth#1{ %\ps@typeout{Reserved width is #1} \@rwidthtrue \dimen100=#1 \edef\@p@srwidth{\number\dimen100} } \def\@p@@sangle#1{ %\ps@typeout{Rotation is #1} \@angletrue % \dimen100=#1 \edef\@p@sangle{#1} %\number\dimen100} } \def\@p@@ssilent#1{ \@verbosefalse } \def\@p@@sprolog#1{\@prologfiletrue\def\@prologfileval{#1}} \def\@p@@spostlog#1{\@postlogfiletrue\def\@postlogfileval{#1}} \def\@cs@name#1{\csname #1\endcsname} \def\@setparms#1=#2,{\@cs@name{@p@@s#1}{#2}} % % initialize the defaults (size the size of the figure) % \def\ps@init@parms{ \@bbllxfalse \@bbllyfalse \@bburxfalse \@bburyfalse \@heightfalse \@widthfalse \@rheightfalse \@rwidthfalse \def\@p@sbbllx{}\def\@p@sbblly{} \def\@p@sbburx{}\def\@p@sbbury{} \def\@p@sheight{}\def\@p@swidth{} \def\@p@srheight{}\def\@p@srwidth{} \def\@p@sangle{0} \def\@p@sfile{} \def\@p@sbbfile{} \def\@p@scost{10} \def\@sc{} \@prologfilefalse \@postlogfilefalse \@clipfalse \if@noisy \@verbosetrue \else \@verbosefalse \fi } % % Go through the options setting things up. % \def\parse@ps@parms#1{ \@psdo\@psfiga:=#1\do {\expandafter\@setparms\@psfiga,}} % % Compute bb height and width % \newif\ifno@bb \def\bb@missing{ \if@verbose{ \typeout{psfig: searching \@p@sbbfile \space for bounding box} }\fi \no@bbtrue \epsf@getbb{\@p@sbbfile} \ifno@bb \else \bb@cull\epsf@llx\epsf@lly\epsf@urx\epsf@ury\fi } \def\bb@cull#1#2#3#4{ \dimen100=#1 bp\edef\@p@sbbllx{\number\dimen100} \dimen100=#2 bp\edef\@p@sbblly{\number\dimen100} \dimen100=#3 bp\edef\@p@sbburx{\number\dimen100} \dimen100=#4 bp\edef\@p@sbbury{\number\dimen100} \no@bbfalse } % rotate point (#1,#2) about (0,0). % The sine and cosine of the angle are already stored in \sine and % \cosine. The result is placed in (\p@intvaluex, \p@intvaluey). \newdimen\p@intvaluex \newdimen\p@intvaluey \def\rotate@#1#2{{\dimen0=#1 sp\dimen1=#2 sp % calculate x' = x \cos\theta - y \sin\theta \global\p@intvaluex=\cosine\dimen0 \dimen3=\sine\dimen1 \global\advance\p@intvaluex by -\dimen3 % calculate y' = x \sin\theta + y \cos\theta \global\p@intvaluey=\sine\dimen0 \dimen3=\cosine\dimen1 \global\advance\p@intvaluey by \dimen3 }} \def\compute@bb{ \no@bbfalse \if@bbllx \else \no@bbtrue \fi \if@bblly \else \no@bbtrue \fi \if@bburx \else \no@bbtrue \fi \if@bbury \else \no@bbtrue \fi \ifno@bb \bb@missing \fi \ifno@bb \ps@typeout{FATAL ERROR: no bb supplied or found} \no-bb-error \fi % %\ps@typeout{BB: \@p@sbbllx, \@p@sbblly, \@p@sbburx, \@p@sbbury} % % store height/width of original (unrotated) bounding box \count203=\@p@sbburx \count204=\@p@sbbury \advance\count203 by -\@p@sbbllx \advance\count204 by -\@p@sbblly \edef\ps@bbw{\number\count203} \edef\ps@bbh{\number\count204} %\ps@typeout{ psbbh = \ps@bbh, psbbw = \ps@bbw } \if@angle \Sine{\@p@sangle}\Cosine{\@p@sangle} {\dimen100=\maxdimen\xdef\r@p@sbbllx{\number\dimen100} \xdef\r@p@sbblly{\number\dimen100} \xdef\r@p@sbburx{-\number\dimen100} \xdef\r@p@sbbury{-\number\dimen100}} % % Need to rotate all four points and take the X-Y extremes of the new % points as the new bounding box. \def\minmaxtest{ \ifnum\number\p@intvaluex<\r@p@sbbllx \xdef\r@p@sbbllx{\number\p@intvaluex}\fi \ifnum\number\p@intvaluex>\r@p@sbburx \xdef\r@p@sbburx{\number\p@intvaluex}\fi \ifnum\number\p@intvaluey<\r@p@sbblly \xdef\r@p@sbblly{\number\p@intvaluey}\fi \ifnum\number\p@intvaluey>\r@p@sbbury \xdef\r@p@sbbury{\number\p@intvaluey}\fi } % lower left \rotate@{\@p@sbbllx}{\@p@sbblly} \minmaxtest % upper left \rotate@{\@p@sbbllx}{\@p@sbbury} \minmaxtest % lower right \rotate@{\@p@sbburx}{\@p@sbblly} \minmaxtest % upper right \rotate@{\@p@sbburx}{\@p@sbbury} \minmaxtest \edef\@p@sbbllx{\r@p@sbbllx}\edef\@p@sbblly{\r@p@sbblly} \edef\@p@sbburx{\r@p@sbburx}\edef\@p@sbbury{\r@p@sbbury} %\ps@typeout{rotated BB: \r@p@sbbllx, \r@p@sbblly, \r@p@sbburx, \r@p@sbbury} \fi \count203=\@p@sbburx \count204=\@p@sbbury \advance\count203 by -\@p@sbbllx \advance\count204 by -\@p@sbblly \edef\@bbw{\number\count203} \edef\@bbh{\number\count204} %\ps@typeout{ bbh = \@bbh, bbw = \@bbw } } % % \in@hundreds performs #1 * (#2 / #3) correct to the hundreds, % then leaves the result in @result % \def\in@hundreds#1#2#3{\count240=#2 \count241=#3 \count100=\count240 % 100 is first digit #2/#3 \divide\count100 by \count241 \count101=\count100 \multiply\count101 by \count241 \advance\count240 by -\count101 \multiply\count240 by 10 \count101=\count240 %101 is second digit of #2/#3 \divide\count101 by \count241 \count102=\count101 \multiply\count102 by \count241 \advance\count240 by -\count102 \multiply\count240 by 10 \count102=\count240 % 102 is the third digit \divide\count102 by \count241 \count200=#1\count205=0 \count201=\count200 \multiply\count201 by \count100 \advance\count205 by \count201 \count201=\count200 \divide\count201 by 10 \multiply\count201 by \count101 \advance\count205 by \count201 % \count201=\count200 \divide\count201 by 100 \multiply\count201 by \count102 \advance\count205 by \count201 % \edef\@result{\number\count205} } \def\compute@wfromh{ % computing : width = height * (bbw / bbh) \in@hundreds{\@p@sheight}{\@bbw}{\@bbh} %\ps@typeout{ \@p@sheight * \@bbw / \@bbh, = \@result } \edef\@p@swidth{\@result} %\ps@typeout{w from h: width is \@p@swidth} } \def\compute@hfromw{ % computing : height = width * (bbh / bbw) \in@hundreds{\@p@swidth}{\@bbh}{\@bbw} %\ps@typeout{ \@p@swidth * \@bbh / \@bbw = \@result } \edef\@p@sheight{\@result} %\ps@typeout{h from w : height is \@p@sheight} } \def\compute@handw{ \if@height \if@width \else \compute@wfromh \fi \else \if@width \compute@hfromw \else \edef\@p@sheight{\@bbh} \edef\@p@swidth{\@bbw} \fi \fi } \def\compute@resv{ \if@rheight \else \edef\@p@srheight{\@p@sheight} \fi \if@rwidth \else \edef\@p@srwidth{\@p@swidth} \fi %\ps@typeout{rheight = \@p@srheight, rwidth = \@p@srwidth} } % % Compute any missing values \def\compute@sizes{ \compute@bb \if@scalefirst\if@angle % at this point the bounding box has been adjsuted correctly for % rotation. PSFIG does all of its scaling using \@bbh and \@bbw. If % a width= or height= was specified along with \psscalefirst, then the % width=/height= value needs to be adjusted to match the new (rotated) % bounding box size (specifed in \@bbw and \@bbh). % \ps@bbw width= % ------- = ---------- % \@bbw new width= % so `new width=' = (width= * \@bbw) / \ps@bbw; where \ps@bbw is the % width of the original (unrotated) bounding box. \if@width \in@hundreds{\@p@swidth}{\@bbw}{\ps@bbw} \edef\@p@swidth{\@result} \fi \if@height \in@hundreds{\@p@sheight}{\@bbh}{\ps@bbh} \edef\@p@sheight{\@result} \fi \fi\fi \compute@handw \compute@resv} % % \psfig % usage : \psfig{file=, height=, width=, bbllx=, bblly=, bburx=, bbury=, % rheight=, rwidth=, clip=} % % "clip=" is a switch and takes no value, but the `=' must be present. \def\psfig#1{\vbox { % do a zero width hard space so that a single % \psfig in a centering enviornment will behave nicely %{\setbox0=\hbox{\ }\ \hskip-\wd0} % \ps@init@parms \parse@ps@parms{#1} \compute@sizes % \ifnum\@p@scost<\@psdraft{ % \special{ps::[begin] \@p@swidth \space \@p@sheight \space \@p@sbbllx \space \@p@sbblly \space \@p@sbburx \space \@p@sbbury \space startTexFig \space } \if@angle \special {ps:: \@p@sangle \space rotate \space} \fi \if@clip{ \if@verbose{ \ps@typeout{(clip)} }\fi \special{ps:: doclip \space } }\fi \if@prologfile \special{ps: plotfile \@prologfileval \space } \fi \if@decmpr{ \if@verbose{ \typeout{psfig: including \@p@sfile.Z \space } }\fi \special{ps: plotfile "`zcat \@p@sfile.Z" \space } }\else{ \if@verbose{ \typeout{psfig: including \@p@sfile \space } }\fi \special{ps: plotfile \@p@sfile \space } }\fi \if@postlogfile \special{ps: plotfile \@postlogfileval \space } \fi \special{ps::[end] endTexFig \space } % Create the vbox to reserve the space for the figure \vbox to \@p@srheight true sp{ \hbox to \@p@srwidth true sp{ \hss } \vss } }\else{ % draft figure, just reserve the space and print the % path name. \if@draftbox{ % Verbose draft: print file name in box \hbox{\frame{\vbox to \@p@srheight true sp{ \vss \hbox to \@p@srwidth true sp{ \hss \@p@sfile \hss } \vss }}} }\else{ % Non-verbose draft \vbox to \@p@srheight true sp{ \vss \hbox to \@p@srwidth true sp{\hss} \vss } }\fi }\fi }} \psfigRestoreAt